Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can be an unexpected development during pregnancy — but with awareness, timely testing, and a healthy lifestyle, you can help prevent it or at least manage it effectively.
Similar to type 2 diabetes, GDM can in many instances go away once the baby is delivered. Nevertheless, The Centers for Disease Control & Prevention estimates that every year, 5% to 9% of pregnancies in the U.S. are affected by GDM.
Although researchers have yet to pinpoint why some women develop gestational diabetes and others do not, they have identified some risk factors for developing the disease, which include:
- Having had GDM during a previous pregnancy
- Having birthed a baby weighing over 9 pounds
- Being overweight
- Being over 25 years old
- Having a family history of type 2 diabetes
- Being a person of color
During pregnancy, hormone levels shift, and while they usually help keep blood sugar stable, sometimes they don’t—making it harder for your body to process sugar efficiently. Gestational diabetes can also raise your risk of high blood pressure during pregnancy.
GDM can also lead to a bigger baby, early delivery with breathing issues, low blood sugar at birth, or a higher risk of type 2 diabetes later on.
Overcoming GDM
GDM rarely comes without warning. Most pregnant women are screened for high glucose levels between 24 and 28 weeks—or sooner if earlier tests or risk factors suggest the need.
Once your baby’s here, your blood sugar should bounce back. Follow up with your doctor 6 to 12 weeks later—and every few years—to keep it that way. A Certified Diabetes Care and Education Specialist (CDCES) can help tailor a plan that works for you.
Eating healthier is a smart move for everyone, no matter where you are on your journey. Try following the MyPlate model (myplate.gov), filling half your plate with fruits and veggies. And aim for about 30 minutes of activity a day—even a brisk walk counts.
With proper precautions and education, GDM does not have to be a frightening prospect. Discuss your background and risk factors with your provider during one of your regular prenatal visits; they will refer you to an endocrinologist if necessary.
Dr. Gayotri Goswami is an endocrinologist with White Plains Hospital Physician Associates. To make an appointment, call 914-849-7400.